How is horizontal analysis best described?

Horizontal analysis is best described as examining financial performance over several periods. This approach involves analyzing line items in financial statements across multiple periods to identify trends and patterns in the company’s financial performance over time. By comparing the same line item, such as revenue or expenses, from different time frames (e.g., from one year to another), stakeholders can assess growth, stability, or any significant changes in financial health. This method allows for a clearer understanding of how financial results fluctuate over time, which is crucial for making informed business decisions.

Other methods mentioned, such as analyzing relationships between different assets or departments, do not capture the essence of horizontal analysis, which specifically focuses on trends over time rather than static comparisons or inter-departmental relationships. Similarly, calculating profit margins is a more specialized financial metric and does not reflect the broader trend analysis that horizontal analysis provides.